What is the third conflict in Erikson's theory and the age range?

• A. Initiative vs. Guilt (4 to 5 years)
• B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 years)
• C. Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 1 year)
• D. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12 to 18 years)

Answer: (A)

Initiative vs. Guilt is the third stage in Erikson's psychosocial theory. In the preschool years, children start to plan and initiate activities, engage in imaginative play, and take the lead in small tasks. This is when they develop a sense of purpose and the ability to act on their own plans. When adults support curiosity and set appropriate boundaries, children feel confident taking initiative and pursuing goals. If their attempts are criticized or stifled, they may experience guilt about wanting to act independently, which can dampen their willingness to explore new activities.

This stage typically occurs in early childhood, roughly around ages three to five (some sources extend to six). The given age range of four to five years fits well within that period. The other stages occur at different life periods: infancy, toddler years, and adolescence.