What is the fourth conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented?

• A. Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 12 years)
• B. Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 year)
• C. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3 years)
• D. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)

Answer: (A)

In Erikson's theory, the fourth psychosocial challenge appears during the school-age years, roughly ages 6 to 12. At this stage, children focus on mastering new skills—reading, writing, math, sports, and social tasks—and seek feedback from teachers, peers, and family. When they receive encouragement and see real progress, they develop a sense of industry, a belief that they can accomplish tasks and contribute to the world around them. If their efforts are frequently met with failure, criticism, or neglect, they may develop feelings of inferiority, doubting their abilities compared with peers. This stage sits after trust vs. mistrust and autonomy vs. shame and doubt, and after initiative vs. guilt, reflecting the progression through early childhood into the school years. Therefore, the fourth conflict is industry vs. inferiority, presented around ages 6 to 12.